She pointed to the government's AI Opportunities Action Plan as helping the investment, but said "there's still work to be done to land that", and that capturing the upside of the AI boom "was not a foregone conclusion".

The US administration had pressed the UK to water down its Digital Services Tax on companies, including Google, in talks this year, but it is not expected to feature in this week's announcements.

Further multi-billion-dollar UK investments are expected from US giants over the next 24 hours.

The pound has strengthened, analysts say, partly on expectations of interest rate changes and a flow of US investment.

Yesterday, Google's owner Alphabet became the fourth company to be worth more than $3tn in terms of total stock market value, joining other technology giants Nvidia, Microsoft and Meta.

Google's share price has surged in the past month after US courts decided not to order the breakup of the company.

Google CEO Sundar Pichai had succeeded in making the company an "AI First" business, saying "it's that performance which has resulted in that metric", Ms Porat said.

Until this summer, Google had been seen to have lagged behind startups such as OpenAI, despite having pioneered much of the key research behind large language models.

Across the world, there has been some concern about the energy use and environmental impact of data centres.

Ms Porat said that the facility would be air-cooled rather than water-cooled and the heat "captured and redeployed to heat schools and homes".

Google signed a deal with Shell to supply "95% carbon-free energy" for its UK investments.

In the US, the Trump administration has suggested that the power needs of AI data centres require a return to the use of carbon-intensive energy sources.

Ms Porat said that Google remained committed to building our renewable energy, but "obviously wind doesn't blow and the sun doesn't shine every hour of the day".

Energy efficiency was being built into "all aspects of AI" microchips, models, and data centres, but it was important to "modernise the grid" to balance off periods of excess capacity, she said.

Asked about fears of an AI-induced graduate jobs crisis, Ms Porat also said that her company was "spending a lot of time" focused on the AI jobs challenge.

"It would be naive to assume that there isn't a downside... If companies just use AI to find efficiencies, we're not going to see the upside to the UK economy or any economy."

But, she said, entire new industries were being created, opening new doors, and in jobs such as nursing and radiology, adding: "AI is collaborating with people rather than replacing them."

"Each one of us needs to start using AI so you can understand how it can be an assistance to what you're doing, as opposed to actually fearing it and watching from the sidelines," she said.

Google-owner reveals £5bn AI investment in UK ahead of Trump visit