Irish households are being warned about rats who can invade homes and businesses at this time of year as temperatures dip and they seek out warmer shelter.

Rentokil have warned over a species of rat in Ireland that are "excellent climbers," meaning they can get into your house with relative ease if you're not careful.

"Rats are resourceful creatures, and unfortunately, we provide plenty of opportunities for them to thrive - especially when they find their way into our buildings. Knowing the signs of their presence is the first step towards effective rat removal," a statement on the Rentokil website reads.

The pest control specialists advise that in Ireland, you're most likely to encounter two main types of rats; the brown rat and black rat.

They explain the "Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the common rat, street rat, or sewer rat, are typically larger, stockier, and grey-brown in colour. They are often found at ground level, preferring burrows and sewers, but are excellent climbers and can easily get into buildings.

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"The Black Rat (Rattus rattus), also called the ship rat or roof rat, are slimmer with larger ears and a longer tail. Historically found more in ports, they are now less common but can still be an issue, especially in urban areas. They are agile climbers and prefer to live in elevated spaces like attics and upper floors."

They add: "Rats are nocturnal and incredibly cautious, so you might not see them directly. However, they leave behind clear evidence of their unwelcome visit:

"Droppings: Look for dark, pellet-shaped droppings (about 12mm long for brown rats, smaller for black rats) in concentrated areas.

"Gnaw Marks: Rats constantly gnaw to keep their teeth in check. Look for chew marks on wood, plastic, cables, pipes, and even food packaging.

"Rub Marks (Smear Marks): As rats travel, their greasy fur leaves dirty smears along walls and skirting boards, especially where they repeatedly follow the same routes.

"Scratching Noises: Listen for scurrying, gnawing, or scratching sounds, particularly at night, coming from walls, ceilings, or under floors.

"Nests: You might find nests made of shredded materials like fabric, insulation, or cardboard in hidden, warm places.

"Runs/Tracks: In dusty areas, you might spot their footprints or tail marks.

"If you spot any of these signs, it's highly likely you have a rat problem that needs immediate attention."

Rentokil also warns of the dangers rats pose to your health and property:

"Beyond being an unpleasant sight, rats are significant pests that can cause serious harm:

"Disease Transmission: Rats carry and spread numerous diseases, including Salmonellosis and E. coli, often through their urine, droppings, and bites. These can pose severe risks to humans and pets.

"Contamination: They contaminate food, surfaces, and water with their droppings and urine, potentially leading to food poisoning.

"Property Damage: Their constant gnawing can cause extensive damage to electrical wiring (fire hazard!), water pipes (flooding risk), insulation, timber, and building structures.

"Reputational Damage: For businesses, a rat sighting can devastate reputation, lead to fines, or even closure, especially in food-related industries."

There are ways you can prevent rats from returning to your property:

"Eradicating rats is one thing; keeping them out is another. We want to help make your property less appealing to rodents.

"Seal Entry Points: Inspect your property for gaps, cracks, and holes larger than a pen (rats can squeeze through tiny spaces) in walls, foundations, around pipes, and under doors. Seal them with steel wool, mesh, or concrete.

"Manage Waste Properly: Store rubbish in sealed bins with tight-fitting lids. Don't leave bin bags outdoors overnight.

"Store Food Securely: Keep all food, including pet food, in sealed, airtight containers. Don't leave food scraps exposed.

"Maintain Your Garden: Keep gardens tidy, trim overgrown vegetation, and store firewood away from your building.

"Clear Clutter: Reduce clutter inside and outside that could provide shelter or nesting sites for rats."

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